Verified Facts
French Guiana is a territory located on the northern coast of South America, bordered by Brazil to the south and east, Suriname to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north.
Quick Facts
Location & Borders
French Guiana is situated on the northern coast of South America, where the continent meets the Atlantic Ocean. It is bordered by Brazil to the south and east, and Suriname to the west. The territory's northern coastline stretches for approximately 378 kilometers, providing access to the Atlantic Ocean and its rich marine resources. French Guiana's location near the equator and its proximity to the ocean have a significant impact on its climate and geography.
The territory's borders with Brazil and Suriname are largely defined by natural features such as rivers and mountains. The border with Brazil is approximately 673 kilometers long, while the border with Suriname is about 510 kilometers long. French Guiana's unique location and borders have contributed to its rich cultural and environmental heritage, with a mix of French, African, and indigenous influences.
Terrain & Landscape
French Guiana's terrain is characterized by a mix of coastal plains, mountains, and forests. The coastal plains are narrow and stretch along the Atlantic coast, while the mountainous regions are located in the interior of the territory. The Tumuc-Humac Mountains are the most notable mountain range in French Guiana, with peaks reaching elevations of over 800 meters. The territory's forests are dense and tropical, covering about 90% of the land area.
The Maroni River and the Oyapock River are two of the most significant rivers in French Guiana, forming the borders with Suriname and Brazil, respectively. The territory's coastline is marked by numerous mangrove swamps and beaches, providing a habitat for a diverse range of marine life. French Guiana's terrain and landscape are also home to several waterfalls, including the Saut Maripa and the Saut Grandville.
The territory's interior is largely covered by tropical rainforests, which are home to a vast array of plant and animal species. The Guiana Shield is a region of Precambrian rock that covers much of French Guiana, providing a unique geological feature that is shared with neighboring countries. The combination of French Guiana's terrain and landscape has created a unique and diverse environment that supports a wide range of ecosystems.
Climate By Season
| Season | Months | Temperature Range | Rainfall | Conditions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dry Season | August to November | 22-30°C | Low | Clear skies, moderate temperatures |
| Hot Season | December to March | 25-35°C | High | High humidity, frequent rain showers |
| Rainy Season | April to July | 20-28°C | Very High | Heavy rainfall, flooding in some areas |
| Transition Season | November to December | 22-30°C | Medium | Variable weather, occasional rain showers |
Best Time To Visit
Best months: August to November. Why: The dry season offers pleasant weather, with low rainfall and moderate temperatures, making it ideal for outdoor activities such as hiking and wildlife watching. Avoid: The rainy season, from April to July, when heavy rainfall and flooding can make travel difficult.
Natural Highlights
- The Guiana Space Centre is a major launch site for satellites and spacecraft, located near the town of Kourou.
- The Maroni River forms the border with Suriname and provides a habitat for a diverse range of aquatic life.
- The Tumuc-Humac Mountains are a unique geological feature, with peaks reaching elevations of over 800 meters.
- The Plage des Roches is a popular beach near the town of Cayenne, known for its white sand and crystal-clear waters.
- The Parc Amazonien de Guyane is a national park that covers over 40,000 square kilometers, providing a habitat for a vast array of plant and animal species.
- The Salon de la Guyane is a unique geological feature, a large granite plateau that is home to a diverse range of flora and fauna.