Verified Facts
French Guiana is divided into two arrondissements and 22 communes, with the capital city of Cayenne serving as the administrative and economic hub of the territory.
Quick Facts
How French Guiana Is Divided
French Guiana is an overseas department and region of France, and as such, it is divided into two arrondissements: Cayenne and Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni. These arrondissements are further divided into 22 communes, which are similar to municipalities or towns. The administrative structure of French Guiana is similar to that of other French departments, with a prefect serving as the representative of the French government and a general council responsible for local affairs.
The division of French Guiana into arrondissements and communes allows for a more localized approach to governance and administration, with each commune having its own mayor and municipal council. This system enables the territory to respond to the unique needs and challenges of its different regions, from the urban centers of Cayenne and Kourou to the more rural areas along the Maroni River.
Major Cities
Cayenne (55,000)
Role: capital and economic hub
Known For: its historic center, cultural events, and Creole cuisine
Best For: visitors interested in history, culture, and government
Kourou (25,000)
Role: space center and port city
Known For: the Guiana Space Centre, a major launch site for European space missions
Best For: space enthusiasts and those interested in technology
Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni (45,000)
Role: economic hub and river port
Known For: its historic prison camp, now a museum, and its role in the gold mining industry
Best For: visitors interested in history, mining, and the outdoors
Matoury (30,000)
Role: suburb of Cayenne and economic center
Known For: its shopping centers, restaurants, and cultural events
Best For: visitors looking for a more laid-back atmosphere and access to amenities
Remire-Montjoly (20,000)
Role: suburb of Cayenne and tourist center
Known For: its beaches, water sports, and eco-tourism activities
Best For: visitors looking for outdoor activities and relaxation
Key Regions
| Region | Character | Known For | Major City |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cayenne Arrondissement | urban and coastal | historic center, cultural events, and Creole cuisine | Cayenne |
| Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni Arrondissement | rural and riverine | gold mining, historic prison camp, and outdoor activities | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
| Coastal Region | tropical and scenic | beaches, water sports, and eco-tourism | Remire-Montjoly |
| Inland Region | rainforest and remote | gold mining, hiking, and wildlife spotting | Saül |
| Maroni River Region | riverine and rural | gold mining, fishing, and boat tours | Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni |
| Guiana Space Centre Region | technological and scientific | space launches, research, and innovation | Kourou |
| Oyapock Region | border and rural | border crossings, hiking, and cultural exchange | Saint-Georges-de-l'Oyapock |
| Sinnamary Region | coastal and rural | fishing, agriculture, and cultural events | Sinnamary |
Regional Differences
- The coastal regions of French Guiana are more densely populated and have a more urban character, with a focus on tourism, commerce, and services.
- The inland regions are more sparsely populated and have a greater focus on agriculture, mining, and forestry.
- The Maroni River Region has a unique cultural identity, with a mix of French, African, and indigenous influences.
- The different regions of French Guiana also have distinct climate and geographical characteristics, with the coastal regions being more tropical and the inland regions being more temperate.
Getting Around
French Guiana has a relatively well-developed transportation network, with domestic flights connecting the major cities and towns. The territory also has a network of buses and taxis, which provide an affordable and convenient way to get around. However, the road network is not always well-maintained, and driving conditions can be challenging, especially during the rainy season. There are no trains in French Guiana, but there are plans to develop a rail network in the future. For visitors, renting a car or hiring a taxi is often the best way to get around, especially for those who want to explore the more rural areas of the territory.
Visitors to French Guiana should be aware that the territory has a unique set of challenges and hazards, including tropical diseases, rugged terrain, and remote areas with limited access to services. It is essential to take necessary precautions, such as getting vaccinated, bringing insect repellent, and staying informed about local conditions. With proper planning and preparation, however, French Guiana can be a rewarding and enriching destination for travelers.