Verified Facts
The primary languages spoken in Eritrea are Tigrinya and Arabic, with Tigrinya being the most widely spoken language in the country.
Quick Facts
Language Overview
Eritrea's linguistic landscape is characterized by the coexistence of multiple languages, with Tigrinya being the predominant language spoken by approximately 50% of the population. Arabic is also an official language and is widely spoken, particularly in the coastal regions. Other languages spoken in Eritrea include Tigre, Afar, and Saho, which are spoken by minority groups. English is not widely spoken, but it is becoming more common, particularly among the younger population and those in the tourism industry. Italian is also spoken by some Eritreans, particularly those who were educated during the Italian colonial period.
The country's language diversity is reflected in its regional dialects, with different dialects spoken in various parts of the country. For example, the Tigrinya spoken in the highlands is different from the Tigrinya spoken in the lowlands. Additionally, there are several minority languages spoken in Eritrea, including Kunama, Nara, and Bilen, which are spoken by smaller ethnic groups.
Despite the limited English proficiency, many Eritreans are eager to learn and practice their English skills, particularly in urban areas like Asmara. However, it is still recommended that visitors learn some basic phrases in Tigrinya or Arabic to facilitate communication and show respect for the local culture.
Essential Phrases
| English | Local Language | Pronunciation | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hello | Selam | seh-lahm | formal |
| Hello | Ciao | chow | informal |
| Thank you | Mahsan | mah-hsan | |
| Please | Edi | eh-dee | |
| Yes / No | Awo / La | ah-woh / lah | |
| Excuse me | Izay | ee-zay | |
| How much? | Kemey | keh-mey | |
| Where is...? | Nsu abey | noon-soo ah-bay | |
| I don't understand | Aydelem | ah-y-deh-lem | |
| Do you speak English? | Tigrinya tienglizeyna | tee-gree-nee-ah tee-en-glee-zay-nah | |
| Help! | Ezi | eh-zee | |
| Goodbye | Selamat | seh-lah-mat | formal |
| Sorry | Yikhey | yee-khay |
Numbers & Bargaining
| Number | Local Word | Pronunciation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Had | hahd |
| 2 | Kelay | kah-lay |
| 3 | Selasa | seh-lah-sah |
| 4 | Arba'a | ar-bah-ah |
| 5 | Hamus | hah-moos |
| 6 | Sidus | see-doos |
| 7 | Sab'a | sah-bah-ah |
| 8 | Tamanya | tah-mah-nyah |
| 9 | Tes'a | teh-eh-sah |
| 10 | Asara | ah-sah-rah |
| 100 | Meya | may-ah |
| 1000 | Alaf | ah-lahf |
Communication Tips
- Be respectful and polite when interacting with locals, using formal titles such as Mr. or Mrs..
- Avoid using body language that may be considered rude, such as pointing with the left hand or using the soles of the feet to point at someone.
- Eye contact is important in Eritrean culture, but it is also considered polite to avoid direct eye contact with someone who is older or in a position of authority.
- Greetings are an important part of Eritrean culture, and it is customary to greet someone with a handshake or a kiss on the cheek.
- Formality levels are high in Eritrea, particularly when interacting with government officials or elderly individuals.
- To get help, it is recommended to approach a local authority figure, such as a police officer or a government official.
- Smiling and showing respect can go a long way in facilitating communication and building relationships with locals.
Translation Tools & Resources
- The Google Translate app is a useful tool for translating basic phrases and sentences.
- Phrasebooks and language guides can be purchased at local bookstores or online.
- Language learning apps, such as Duolingo, can be used to learn basic phrases and vocabulary in Tigrinya or Arabic.
- Local tour guides can provide valuable insights and assistance with communication and navigation.
- Embassy websites can provide information on language and cultural norms, as well as emergency contact information.